PHP

Backends: php-pdo, php-amphp | Library: PDO / AMPHP SQL (async)

php-pdo is synchronous, built on PDO. php-amphp is structurally identical but async, built on Amp\Sql\SqlConnectionPool with AMPHP’s event loop.

php-pdo supports PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite, MSSQL, Redshift, and Snowflake (no Oracle, despite a php-pdo.oracle.toml manifest existing in the tree). php-amphp supports PostgreSQL, MySQL, and MariaDB only – pick php-pdo for SQLite, MSSQL, Redshift, or Snowflake.

Both share the same generated-code shape: snake_case properties by default (matching the SQL column name), query functions as public static methods on a single final class Queries, a generated public static function fromRow(array $row): self per row type, and a namespace App\Generated; default that both backends accept an undocumented namespace option to change or clear (crates/scythe-codegen/src/backends/php_pdo.rs).

SQL input

-- @name GetUser
-- @returns :one
SELECT id, name, email, created_at FROM users WHERE id = $1;

-- @name ListUsers
-- @returns :many
SELECT id, name FROM users ORDER BY name LIMIT $1;

-- @name CreateUser
-- @returns :exec
INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ($1, $2);

Schema:

CREATE TABLE users (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    email TEXT,
    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
);

PDO

Backend: php-pdo | Library: PDO

Generated code

:many returns \Generator and yields rows rather than building an array (integration_tests/php-pdo/generated/queries.php:1-9,198-225):

<?php
// scythe:provenance v=0.15.0 backend=php-pdo engine=postgresql schema=sch1:... queries=q1:...

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Generated;

readonly class GetUserRow
{
    public function __construct(
        public int $id,
        public string $name,
        public ?string $email,
        public \DateTimeImmutable $created_at,
    ) {}

    public static function fromRow(array $row): self
    {
        return new self(
            id: (int) $row['id'],
            name: (string) $row['name'],
            email: $row['email'] !== null ? (string) $row['email'] : null,
            created_at: new \DateTimeImmutable($row['created_at']),
        );
    }
}

final class Queries
{
    public static function getUser(\PDO $pdo, int $id): ?GetUserRow
    {
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT id, name, email, created_at FROM users WHERE id = :p1");
        $stmt->execute(["p1" => $id]);
        $row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
        return $row ? GetUserRow::fromRow($row) : null;
    }

    public static function listUsers(\PDO $pdo, int $limit): \Generator
    {
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT id, name FROM users ORDER BY name LIMIT :p1");
        $stmt->execute(["p1" => $limit]);
        while ($row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {
            yield ListUsersRow::fromRow($row);
        }
    }

    public static function createUser(\PDO $pdo, string $name, ?string $email): void
    {
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (:p1, :p2)");
        $stmt->execute(["p1" => $name, "p2" => $email]);
    }
}

Key types

Neutral	PHP
int32	int
string	string
datetime_tz	\DateTimeImmutable
uuid	string
decimal	string
json	array
nullable	?T

AMPHP

Backend: php-amphp | Library: AMPHP SQL (async)

Generated code

Structurally identical to php-pdo except the driver is SqlConnectionPool/->prepare(...)->execute([...]) instead of \PDO, and placeholders are bare ? instead of :p1. :many also returns \Generator, yielding rows rather than building an array (integration_tests/php-amphp/generated/queries.php:1-9,198-225):

<?php
// scythe:provenance v=0.15.0 backend=php-amphp engine=postgresql schema=sch1:... queries=q1:...

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Generated;

readonly class GetUserRow
{
    public function __construct(
        public int $id,
        public string $name,
        public ?string $email,
        public \DateTimeImmutable $created_at,
    ) {}

    public static function fromRow(array $row): self
    {
        return new self(
            id: (int) $row['id'],
            name: (string) $row['name'],
            email: $row['email'] !== null ? (string) $row['email'] : null,
            created_at: new \DateTimeImmutable($row['created_at']),
        );
    }
}

final class Queries
{
    public static function getUser(\Amp\Sql\SqlConnectionPool $pool, int $id): ?GetUserRow
    {
        $result = $pool->prepare("SELECT id, name, email, created_at FROM users WHERE id = ?")->execute([$id]);
        foreach ($result as $row) {
            return GetUserRow::fromRow($row);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static function listUsers(\Amp\Sql\SqlConnectionPool $pool, int $limit): \Generator
    {
        $result = $pool->prepare("SELECT id, name FROM users ORDER BY name LIMIT ?")->execute([$limit]);
        foreach ($result as $row) {
            yield ListUsersRow::fromRow($row);
        }
    }

    public static function createUser(\Amp\Sql\SqlConnectionPool $pool, string $name, ?string $email): void
    {
        $pool->prepare("INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)")->execute([$name, $email]);
    }
}

Key types

Neutral	PHP (AMPHP)
int32	int
string	string
datetime_tz	\DateTimeImmutable
uuid	string
decimal	string
json	array
nullable	?T